剑鱼 Swordfish

劍魚或稱劍旗魚，是一種大型的掠食性魚類，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鯖亞目劍旗魚科劍旗魚屬的唯一一個物種^[1]。本魚體似旗魚，但吻部為平扁的劍狀突出，且顯著延長。齒僅見於幼魚，成長後完全消失。成魚無鱗，僅胸部以下面有粗糙之感。側線不發達，尾柄兩側各有1個堅強的突起稜脊。背鰭2枚，第一背鰭基底甚短，呈三角形，佔體軀前部1/3，第二背鰭短小，偏魚體之後端。臀鰭2枚，以第一臀鰭較發達。尾鰭深分叉。全長可超過5公尺，體重可達500公斤。^[2]。

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius; from Greek ξίφος: sword, and Latin gladius: sword), also known as broadbills in some countries, are large, highly migratory, predatory fishcharacterized by a long, flat bill. They are a popular sport fish of the billfish category, though elusive. Swordfish are elongated, round-bodied, and lose all teeth and scales by adulthood. These fish are found widely in tropical and temperate parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and can typically be found from near the surface to a depth of 550 m (1,800 ft).^[2] They commonly reach 3 m (9.8 ft) in length, and the maximum reported is 4.55 m (14.9 ft) in length and 650 kg (1,430 lb) in weight.^[3][4]

They are the sole member of their family, Xiphiidae.^[5]

鲨鱼 Shark

鲨鱼（Shark）是一群板鳃类鱼的通称，屬於軟骨魚的一支。这是一种古老的鱼，最早在4億2千萬年前的志留紀就已經出現，至今已經演化出約440個不同的種，大约包括5目20科（由於分类学家的意见不一致）。它們有高度流線、適合游泳的外型，全身覆滿了盾鳞，盾鳞除了保護鯊魚免於受傷或者被寄生，還可以增進它們的流體動力，讓它們游得更快速。鯊魚體側用於呼吸的鳃裂有5-7个。它們有數套可替換的牙齒。鯊魚在水域食物鏈中是高級消費者(有些種類甚至是最頂級的掠食者，如巨牙鯊)，不同的種類有不同的食物，有的肉食，可以吞噬海豹、海龟，有的只濾食浮游生物；大的体长达20米，小的只有10多厘米。

鲨鱼的感觉器官相当灵敏，甚至能嗅出几公里之外的血腥味。它們具有感应电的能力，並可以此发觉隐藏在沙底下的猎物。

Sharks are a group of fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the rays. However, the term "shark" has also been used for extinct members of the subclass Elasmobranchii outside the Selachimorpha, such as Cladoselache and Xenacanthus, as well as other Chondrichthyes such as the holocephalideugenedontidans. Under this broader definition, the earliest known sharks date back to more than 420 million years ago.^[1] Acanthodians are often referred to as "spiny sharks"; though they are not part of Chondrichthyes proper, they are a paraphyletic assemblage leading to cartilaginous fish as a whole.

Since then, sharks have diversified into over 500 species. They range in size from the small dwarf lanternshark (Etmopterus perryi), a deep sea species of only 17 centimetres (6.7 in) in length, to the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the largest fish in the world, which reaches approximately 12 metres (39 ft) in length. Sharks are found in all seas and are common to depths of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). They generally do not live in freshwater although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can survive and be found in both seawater and freshwater.^[2] They breathe through five to seven gill slits. Sharks have a covering ofdermal denticles that protects their skin from damage and parasites in addition to improving their fluid dynamics. They have several sets of replaceable teeth.^[3]

Well-known species such as the great white shark, tiger shark, blue shark, mako shark, and the hammerhead shark are apex predators—organisms at the top of their underwater food chain. Many shark populations are threatened by human activities.

鱼 Fish

魚類屬於脊索動物門中的脊椎動物亞門。其特徵是有鰓的水生動物，缺乏四肢及肢末端的指。一般人把脊椎動物分為魚類（53%）、鳥類（18%）、爬行類（12%）、哺乳類（9%）、兩生類（8%）五大類。根據已故加拿大学者Nelson（1994年）統計，全球当时已知魚類約有28000種，占已命名脊椎動物一半以上，且新種魚類不斷被發現。目前全球已命名的魚種约在32100種。^[1]

魚類包括盲鰻、七鰓鰻、軟骨魚及硬骨魚等，也包括許多已經絕種的物種。魚絕大部份屬於冷血動物，其體溫會隨外在環境溫度而變化，極少數像大白鲨、及鮪魚及月魚等可以將體溫維持在較高的溫度^[2] [3][4]。在大部份的水體中都有魚。幾乎所有的水生環境中都有魚，從高山的溪流（如鱒魚）到深海帶甚至超深海渊带（像囊鰓鰻目及鮟鱇魚）。魚比其他的脊椎动物有更多的物種變異性^[5]。

魚是人類重要的資源之一，尤其是食用鱼。漁夫可能是用海上捕撈的方式捕魚，也可能是用水產養殖的方式飼養。人類也可能因為娛樂、想要進行水族饲养或是在水族館展示而捕魚或釣魚。魚在一些文化中曾經是神或是宗教的符號，同時也是許多藝術、書藉或電影的主題。

鱼這個詞是用負面表列的方式定義，排除了四足類（如兩棲類、爬蟲類、鳥類、哺乳類）等有相同祖先的物種。魚是並系群，在系統分類學上沒有適當的分類類群。

最早可以歸類於為魚類的生物是软躯体的脊索动物，在寒武纪首次出現，雖然沒有真脊柱，但是有脊索，因此其動作較其他脊索动物更加靈活。魚在古生代繼續演化，產生很多不同的物種，其中許多都是盾皮魚綱，有骨甲防止成為其他動物的食物。第一個有下顎的魚出現在志留紀，而許多的魚已經變成強大的肉食動物，而不再成為节肢动物的食物。

A fish is any member of a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature.^[1][2] Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish). At 32,000 species, fish exhibit greater species diversity than any other group of vertebrates.^[3]

Fish are an important resource for humans worldwide, especially as food. Commercial and subsistence fishers hunt fish in wild fisheries (see fishing) or farm them in ponds or in cages in the ocean (see aquaculture). They are also caught by recreational fishers, kept as pets, raised by fishkeepers, and exhibited in public aquaria. Fish have had a role in culture through the ages, serving as deities, religious symbols, and as the subjects of art, books and movies.

Because the term "fish" is defined negatively, and excludes the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) which descend from within the same ancestry, it is paraphyletic, and is not considered a proper grouping in systematic biology. The traditional term pisces (also ichthyes) is considered a typological, but not aphylogenetic classification.

The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods.

猴子 Monkey

猴，俗称猴子，是三種類人猿靈長目動物的其中兩種的成員。這三種類包括新世界猴、舊世界猴和猿。新世界猴被分類在小目——闊鼻小目（Platyrrhini）下，舊世界猴（猴總科 Cercopithecoidea）則是狹鼻小目（Catarrhini）的一部分，這個目也包括猿。因此科學上來說，猴並沒有形成一個「自然群組」，舊世界猴實際上也接近猿多過新世界猴。現存並所知的有264種猴。另外由於猿類似猴，黑猩猩、長臂猿等在非正式场合也常被稱為猴，但生物學家並不認為牠們是猴。還有，有些猴種類的名字裡有「猿」，因為牠們是併系群，猴沒有任何顯著的特徵，因為牠們的特徵都是源於類人猿和猿。

Monkeys are haplorhine ("dry-nosed") primates, a group generally possessing tails and consisting of approximately 260 known living species. Many monkey species are tree-dwelling (arboreal), although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons. Most species are also active during the day (diurnal). Monkeys are generallyconsidered to be intelligent, particularly Old World monkeys.

Lemurs, lorises, and galagos are not monkeys; instead they are strepsirrhine ("wet-nosed") primates. Like monkeys, tarsiers are haplorhine primates; however, they are also not monkeys. There are two major types of monkey: New World monkeys (platyrrhines) from South and Central America and Old World monkeys (catarrhines of the superfamily Cercopithecoidea) from Africa and Asia. Hominoid apes (gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans), which all lack tails, are also catarrhines but are not considered monkeys.^[3] (Tailless monkeys may be called "apes", incorrectly according to modern usage; thus the tailless Barbary macaque is sometimes called the "Barbary ape".) Because Old World monkeys are more closely related to hominoid apes than to New World monkeys, yet the term "monkey" excludes these closer relatives, monkeys are referred to as a paraphyletic group.

豹 Cheetah

豹（学名：Panthera pardus）是猫科豹属下的一种动物。广泛分布于非洲和亚洲的各个国家和地区。^[2]环境适应能力强，行踪隐秘，总体生存状况好于它的猫科亲戚狮和虎，但是有些豹亚种的现状并不容乐观。^[2][3]

不同亚种的豹毛色有浅黄，金黄，黄褐等不同。因为其浑身布满圆形斑纹，所以又名金钱豹^[4]或花豹。花豹有时会有黑化现象，即为黑豹，皮肤及毛发上出现大量黑色素，但还是可隐约见到斑点。^[5]

豹是中国古已有之的物种，很多成语都与其有关联，比如管中窥豹，豺狼虎豹，豹头环眼，还有形容人胆大包天时用的熊心豹胆^[6]等。

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a big cat in the subfamily Felinae that inhabits most of Africa and parts of Iran. It is the only extant member of the genus Acinonyx. The cheetah can run as fast as 109.4 to 120.7 km/h (68.0 to 75.0 mph), faster than any other land animal.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8]} It covers distances up to 500 m (1,640 ft) in short bursts, and can accelerate from 0 to 96 km/h (0 to 60 mph) in three seconds.^[9]

The cheetah is a unique felid, with its closest living relatives being the puma and jaguarundi of the Americas. This cat is notable for modifications in the species' paws, being one of the few felids with only semi-retractable claws.^[10]

Its main hunting strategy is to trip swift prey such as various antelope species and hares with its dewclaw. Almost every facet of the cheetah's anatomy has evolved to maximise its success in the chase, the result of an evolutionary arms race with its prey. Due to this specialisation, however, the cheetah is poorly equipped to defend itself against other large predators, with speed being its main means of defence.

In the wild, the cheetah is a prolific breeder, with up to nine cubs in a litter. The majority of cubs do not survive to adulthood, mainly as a result of depredation from other predators. The rate of cub mortality varies from area to area, from 50% to 75%,^[11] and in extreme cases such as the Serengeti ecosystem, up to 90%. Cheetahs are notoriously poor breeders in captivity, though several organizations, such as the De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Centre, have succeeded in breeding high numbers of cubs.

The cheetah is listed as vulnerable, facing various threats including: loss of habitat and prey; conflict with humans; the illegal pet trade; competition with and predation by other carnivores; and a gene pool with very low variability. It is a charismatic species and many captive cats are "ambassadors" for their species and wildlife conservation in general.

猫头鹰 Owl

鸮、枭、猫头鹰，是鸮形目（Strigiformes）的鸟类。鸮形目是鸟纲中的一个目，其下有超过130个种。在除南极洲以外所有的大洲都有分布。大部分的种为夜行性肉食性动物。

本目鸟类体形大小不一，大者如雕鸮体长可达90厘米，小者如东方角鸮体长不及20厘米。

本目鸟类头宽大，嘴短而粗壮前端成钩状。相对于头部硕大的双目均向前是本目鸟类共有且区别于其他鸟类的特征，头部正面的羽毛排列成面盘，部分种类具有耳状羽毛。双目的分布，面盘和耳羽使本目鸟类的头部与猫极其相似，故本目鸟类俗称猫头鹰。

本目鸟类的耳孔位于头部两侧且分布和形状均不对称，这有利于他们在黑暗中准确定位声音的来源。

本目鸟类瞳孔很大，使光线易于入眼，视网膜中视杆细胞（只有一种视觉色素，即视紫红质能辨明暗，不能辨细节和颜色）非常丰富，却不含视锥细胞（在强光刺激下方会被激活，有三种视觉色素，能辨细节和颜色），以至眼内成圆柱状(而非球状)，对弱光也有良好的敏感性，适合夜间活动。

由于柱状的眼球有坚硬的巩膜环支撑，所以眼睛并不能向不同方向转动，要望不同方向时，需转动整个头部。也因此本目的鸟有着灵活的颈骨，颈部可旋转270度。另外，眼中有3张眼睑，上眼睑会于眨眼时放下，下眼睑会于睡觉时盖上，而中眼睑是一线状组织，会于眼面上下移动清洁眼面。不同于其他鸟类，双目向前，视区重叠，可因此分辨距离。 本目鸟类翅形不一，一般短圆，初级飞羽11枚，次级飞羽缺第五枚，尾短圆，尾羽12枚，部分种类10枚。

本目鸟类腿强健有力，爪强锐内弯，部分种类如雕鸮，整个足部均被羽，外观极其强悍。本目鸟类趾形均为转趾足，即第四趾可以前后转动。

本目鸟类全身羽毛柔软轻松，羽色大多为哑暗的棕褐灰色，柔软的羽毛有消音的作用，使本目鸟类飞行起来迅速而安静，加上哑暗的羽色，非常适合夜间活动

。

Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes, which includes about 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head,binocular vision, binaural hearing and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except Antarctica and some remote islands.

Owls are divided into two families: the true owls or typical owls, Strigidae; and the barn-owls, Tytonidae.

老鹰 Eagle

老鹰，也叫鸢，是小型猛禽，雄鸟体长21~54厘米，雌鸟体长64~91厘米，雌鸟比雄鸟大。老鹰性情凶猛，嘴呈黄色，上嘴弯曲，脚强健有力，趾有锐利的爪，翼大善飞。汉语中将隼科中较大的鸟类和鸱鸮科的鸟类（猫头鹰）等食肉鸟类俗称也划为鹰类，但一般只是专指鹰科鸟类。

鹰的分布极广，广泛分布于世界的各大洲。中国境内的鹰主要分布区为西藏、新疆和内蒙古、青海以及陕西南部安康、商洛等巴山茂林地带均有分布。在动物世界里，鹰是一个科的总称，分有许多不同的种类。它有双锐利的眼睛，[1] 可以看见数千米甚至更远。卵生，恒温动物。

Eagle is a common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae; it belongs to several groups of genera that are not necessarily closely related to each other.

Most of the 60 species of eagles are from Eurasia and Africa.^[1] Outside this area, just 14 species can be found – two in North America, nine in Central and South America, and three in Australia.