欢迎大家来到动物大百科。
在这个部落格里，我会和大家分享关于动物的资料和图片，希望大家多多支持。
谢谢。
Friday 2 October 2015
Friday 18 September 2015
所介绍的动物
| 动物名字 | 住的地方 |
| 企鹅 | 南极洲 |
| 袋鼠 | 澳洲 |
| 考拉 | 昆士兰州 ， 新南威尔士州 ， 维多利亚州和南澳 |
| 大猩猩 | 森林的中部非洲 |
| 猪 | 农场 |
| 公鸡 | 农场 |
| 狼 | 亞洲、歐洲、北美和中東（主要是北半球的溫帶 區域） |
| 鳄鱼 | 分佈於熱帶到亞熱帶的河川、湖泊、海岸 |
| 马来貘 | 海拔2400-4500米的热带丛林、沙林、沼泽地带 |
| 马 | 农场 |
| 熊 | 亚洲、欧洲、美洲和北极 |
| 长颈鹿 | 非洲 |
| 大象 | 非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南、南亚、东南亚以至中国 南部边境的热带及亚热带地区 |
| 鲸鱼 | 海洋 |
| 剑鱼 | 海洋 |
| 鲨鱼 | 海洋 |
| 鱼 | 海洋 |
| 猴子 | 热带地区 |
| 豹 | 非洲和亚洲 |
| 猫头鹰 | 南极洲 |
| 老鹰 | 西藏、新疆和内蒙古、青海以及陕西南部安康、 商洛等巴山茂林地带 |
| 羊 | 非洲、草原 |
| 牛 | 草原 |
| 蛇 | 森林 |
| 兔子 | 草原 |
| 猫 | 人类的家 |
| 穿山甲 | 湖南、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、贵州、四川、 云南、福建、广东、广西 |
| 海南、泰國、印尼、菲律賓、越南、寮國、 柬埔寨、馬來西亞、印度 | |
| 海豚 | 海洋 |
| 犀牛 | 非洲 |
| 狗 | 人类的家 |
| 老虎 | 森林 |
| 狮子 | 非洲 |
Tuesday 4 August 2015
企鹅 Penguin
企鹅 （ 为了 Sphenisciformes， 家庭 Spheniscidae）是一组水产品 ， 不会飞 的鸟生活几乎完全是在南半球 ，尤其是在南极洲 。 非常适合生活在水中，企鹅已经countershaded黑暗和白色的羽毛 ，它们的翅膀已经进化成鳍状肢 。 大多数企鹅捕食磷虾 ， 鱼 ， 鱿鱼和其他形式的海洋生物 ，而水下游泳抓。 他们花费大约一半他们的生活在陆地上，一半的海洋。
最大的生物物种是帝企鹅 （ 王企鹅属forsteri）：平均成年人约1.1米（3英尺7英寸）高，重35千克（77磅）以上。 最小的企鹅品种是小蓝企鹅 （Eudyptula未成年人 ），也被称为神仙企鹅，它代表约40厘米（16英寸）高，体重1千克（2.2磅）。 在现存企鹅，企鹅较大栖息寒冷地区，而较小的企鹅通常见于温带或热带甚至气候（ 见也 伯格曼法则 ）。 一些史前物种获得巨大的规模，成为为高或重如一个成年人。 这些没有被限制在南极地区; 相反， 亚南极地区怀着高度多样性，以及至少一个巨型企鹅发生在南部地区不太2000公里的的赤道 35 万年前 ，在气候断然比今天暖和。
Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have evolved into flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squidand other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their lives on land and half in the oceans.
Although all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin live so far south. Several species are found in the temperate zone, and one species, the Galápagos penguin, lives near the equator.
The largest living species is the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): on average adults are about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (77 lb) or more. The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around 40 cm (16 in) tall and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lb). Among extant penguins, larger penguins inhabit colder regions, while smaller penguins are generally found in temperate or even tropical climates (see also Bergmann's rule). Someprehistoric species attained enormous sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult human. These were not restricted to Antarctic regions; on the contrary, subantarcticregions harboured high diversity, and at least one giant penguin occurred in a region not quite 2,000 km south of the equator 35 mya, in a climate decidedly warmer than today.
袋鼠 Kangaroo
目前並沒有大規模的袋鼠養殖業，不過野生的袋鼠會被獵殺並製成食用肉品，而此種產業也具有爭議性[2]。
據傳說，「Kangaroo」是袋鼠的英文名，源自於澳洲原住民 Guugu Yimidhirr :「gangurru」，意思是指「不知道」。而這一切其實只是一場誤會，約瑟夫·班克斯的第一次航海旅行時，他抵達努力河（即現時庫克鎮港口）岸邊。在靠岸修理船艦的七個禮拜其間，他意外地發現到一種古靈精怪的動物，便去詢問當地澳洲土著，但是由於語言不通，將「不知道」當做「袋鼠」的英文名稱，就一直使用到現在。[查证请求]但事實上，經語言學家John B. Haviland 研究，當地稱呼袋鼠即為「ganguro」，其意義並非「不知道」[3]。
据袋鼠动物性特征：[7]
动物学家考证，袋鼠是袋类动物的典型代表。袋类动物是发育不完全的动物，属早产胎儿，所以需要在育儿袋中发育。母袋鼠有四个乳头，两个高脂肪，两个低脂肪，母袋鼠一般每胎产3至4个仔，袋鼠出生后即要入袋，食用低脂肪乳水，这就决定了每胎袋鼠仔只能存活2个。袋鼠出生时非常小，大约只有1粒花生米那么大，成年袋鼠的身高有2.6米，体重可以达到50公斤。袋鼠用下肢跳动，奔跑速度非常快，时速可达50公里以上。袋鼠有一条“多功能”的尾巴，其作用非常大，在休息时它可以支撑于地，与双下肢共同起到平衡身体的作用，跑动中尾巴更是重要的平衡工具，另外袋鼠尾巴还是重要的进攻与防卫的武器。
The kangaroo /ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/ is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods, meaning "large foot"). In common use the term is used to describe the largestspecies from this family, especially those of the genus Macropus: the red kangaroo, antilopine kangaroo, eastern grey kangaroo and western grey kangaroo.[1] Kangaroos are endemic to the Australia. The Australian government estimates that 34.3 million kangaroos lived in Australia in 2011, up from 25.1 million one year earlier.[2]
As with the terms "wallaroo" and "wallaby", "kangaroo" refers to a polyphyletic grouping of species. All three refer to members of the same taxonomic family, Macropodidae, and are distinguished according to size. The largest species in the family are called "kangaroos" and the smallest are generally called "wallabies". The term "wallaroos", a portmanteau, refers to species of an intermediate size.[3] There is also the tree-kangaroo, another genus of macropod, which inhabits the tropical rainforests of New Guinea, far northeastern Queensland and some of the islands in the region.
Kangaroos have large, powerful hind legs, large feet adapted for leaping, a long muscular tail for balance, and a small head. Like most marsupials, female kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which joeys complete postnatal development.
The large kangaroos have adapted much better than the smaller macropods to land clearing for pastoral agriculture and habitat changes brought to the Australian landscape by humans. Many of the smaller species are rare and endangered, while kangaroos are relatively plentiful.
The kangaroo is an unofficial symbol of Australia and appears as an emblem on the Australian coat of arms[4] and on some of its currency[5] and is used by some of Australia's well known organisations, including Qantas[6] and the Royal Australian Air Force.[7] The kangaroo is important to both Australian culture and the national image, and consequently there are numerous popular culture references.
Wild kangaroos are shot for meat, leather hides, and to protect grazing land.[8] Although controversial, harvesting kangaroo meat has some environmental advantages to limit over-grazing and the meat has perceived health benefits for human consumption compared with traditional meats due to the low level of fat on kangaroos.[9]
考拉 Koala Bear
考拉 （ 灰Phascolarctos，或不准确， 无尾熊 [A] ）是一种树栖 食草 的有袋动物 ，原产于澳大利亚 。 它是唯一现存的家庭代表Phascolarctidae ，及其最亲密的生活的亲属是袋熊 。 [3]考拉在大陆的东部和南部地区的沿海地区发现，居住在昆士兰州 ， 新南威尔士州 ， 维多利亚州和南澳 。 这是由它的粗壮，无尾的机身易于识别; 圆，耳蓬松; 和大，匙形的鼻子。 考拉有60-85厘米（24-33），体长，体重4-15公斤（9-33磅）。 皮毛颜色从银色灰色到巧克力棕色。 从北部的考拉种群通常更小，更轻的颜色比他们的同行进一步南部。 这些人群可能是独立亚种 ，但是这是有争议的。
考拉栖息通常开桉树林地，而这些树木的叶子上大多数是他们的饮食。 由于这种桉树的饮食限制了营养和卡路里含量，考拉在很大程度上是久坐和睡眠最多一天20小时。 他们是合群的动物，并结合仅存母亲和后代依赖之间。 成年男性沟通大声波纹管是恐吓对手和吸引配偶。 男性纪念他们的存在与分泌物臭腺位于胸前。 作为有袋动物，考拉到爬进母亲的年轻不发达生出袋 ，他们停留的第一个六七个月他们的生活在哪里。 这些年轻的考拉，被称为joeys ，完全断奶围绕一岁。 考拉很少有天敌和寄生虫，而是通过各种的威胁病原体 ，如衣原体细菌和考拉逆转录病毒 ，以及由森林大火和干旱。
考拉被猎杀澳大利亚土著和描绘神话和洞穴艺术几千年。 欧洲和考拉之间的第一次邂逅记录在1798年，和动物的图像是由自然出版于1810年乔治·佩里 。 植物学家罗伯特·布朗写了第一个详细的科学描述的考拉在1814年，虽然他的工作仍然未公布180年。 流行歌手约翰·古尔德说明和描述的考拉，引进的品种向广大英国公众。 关于动物的生物学进一步的细节由几个英文科学家们透露，在19世纪。 由于其独特的外观，考拉是世界公认的澳洲象征 。 考拉被列为最不关注由国际自然保护联盟的保护 。 澳大利亚政府列出了昆士兰州和新南威尔士州的人口为弱势 。 动物被猎杀严重，在20世纪初为它的皮毛，和大规模cullings在昆士兰导致舆论哗然发起一个运动，以保护物种。 栖息地建立和易位努力转移到新的地区的考拉栖息地有变得支离破碎或减少。 他们的存在的最大威胁是栖息地的破坏所造成的农业和城市化进程 。
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, or, inaccurately, koala bear[a]) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative of the familyPhascolarctidae, and its closest living relatives are the wombats.[3] The koala is found in coastal areas of the mainland's eastern and southern regions, inhabitingQueensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. It is easily recognisable by its stout, tailless body; round, fluffy ears; and large, spoon-shaped nose. The koala has a body length of 60–85 cm (24–33 in) and weighs 4–15 kg (9–33 lb). Pelage colour ranges from silver grey to chocolate brown. Koalas from the northern populations are typically smaller and lighter in colour than their counterparts further south. These populations possibly are separate subspecies, but this is disputed.
Koalas typically inhabit open eucalypt woodlands, and the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. Because this eucalypt diet has limited nutritional and caloric content, koalas are largely sedentary and sleep up to 20 hours a day. They are asocial animals, and bonding exists only between mothers and dependent offspring. Adult males communicate with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates. Males mark their presence with secretions from scent glands located on their chests. Being marsupials, koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that crawl into their mothers' pouches, where they stay for the first six to seven months of their lives. These young koalas, known as joeys, are fully weaned around a year old. Koalas have few natural predators and parasites, but are threatened by various pathogens, such asChlamydiaceae bacteria and the koala retrovirus, as well as by bushfires and droughts.
Koalas were hunted by indigenous Australians and depicted in myths and cave art for millennia. The first recorded encounter between a European and a koala was in 1798, and an image of the animal was published in 1810 by naturalist George Perry. Botanist Robert Brown wrote the first detailed scientific description of the koala in 1814, although his work remained unpublished for 180 years. Popular artist John Gould illustrated and described the koala, introducing the species to the general British public. Further details about the animal's biology were revealed in the 19th century by several English scientists. Because of its distinctive appearance, the koala is recognised worldwide as a symbol of Australia. Koalas are listed as of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The Australian government lists populations in Queensland and New South Wales as Vulnerable. The animal was hunted heavily in the early 20th century for its fur, and large-scale cullings in Queensland resulted in a public outcry that initiated a movement to protect the species. Sanctuaries were established, and translocation efforts moved to new regions koalas whose habitat had become fragmented or reduced. The biggest threat to their existence is habitat destruction caused by agriculture and urbanisation.
大猩猩 Gorilla
大猩猩是地栖，主要是食草 类人猿栖息在森林的中部非洲 。 该同名 大猩猩属分为两个种： 东部大猩猩和猩猩西部 ，和4或5个亚种 。 他们是最大的生活 灵长类物理尺寸。 所述的DNA大猩猩是高度相似于人类的 ，由95-99％，这取决于哪些被计数，并且它们的下一个最接近生活的亲属到人类的后黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩 。
大猩猩“自然栖息地覆盖在热带或亚热带森林非洲 。 虽然他们的范围涵盖非洲的一小部分，大猩猩覆盖范围广海拔。 的山地大猩猩栖息的艾伯丁裂谷山地云雾林的的维龙加火山群，范围从2,200-4,300米（7,200-14,100英尺）的高度。 低地大猩猩生活在茂密的森林和低地沼泽和沼泽低至海平面 ，与西部低地大猩猩生活在中部非洲西部国家和东部低地大猩猩生活在刚果民主共和国近其与边境卢旺达 。 [2]
Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Africa. The eponymous genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorillas and the western gorillas, and either four or five subspecies. They are the largest living primates by physical size. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95–99% depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the chimpanzees and bonobos.
Gorillas' natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forests in Africa. Although their range covers a small percentage of Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. Themountain gorilla inhabits the Albertine Rift montane cloud forests of the Virunga Volcanoes, ranging in altitude from 2,200–4,300 metres (7,200–14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as sea level, with western lowland gorillas living in Central West African countries and eastern lowland gorillas living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo near its border with Rwanda.[2]
猪 Pig
人類蓄養家豬的歷史相當悠久，不過至16世紀才廣為世界所知，中國飼養的豬即是人類最早馴養的豬的直系後代[1]。20世紀後期，家豬發展培育達到成熟，除了宗教因素，豬肉已普遍成為人類主要食用肉品之一。其分類約有大骨架脂肪型，鹹肉型及鮮肉型。豢養區域，多為生產穀物或玉米的農產產地。
根據世界糧食組織的統計[2]，在2010年底，全世界家豬約為9.65亿頭。其中，中國境內的家豬為4.76亿頭，佔總數百分之49%，為全世界第一；第二名則為美國，為6.49千万隻，而屠宰頭數亦以中國最多。
世界各地飼養家豬的方式多為圈養，例如台灣的蓄豬業。20世紀中期以前，此地區家豬多食加熱過的廚餘或蕃薯葉，且為個別小規模蓄養，不過現今以企業化大型經營為主，飼料部分也多改成專用飼料。比較值得一提的是，現今台灣部分區域，如客家地區以及新北市三峽區清水祖師廟仍有神豬競賽，為地方上的傳統文化[3]。
A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig and its ancestor, the common Eurasian wild boar(Sus scrofa), along with other species; related creatures outside the genus include the wild boar, peccary, the babirusa, and the warthog. Pigs, like all suids, are native to theEurasian and African continents. Juvenile pigs are known as piglets.[1] Pigs are omnivores and are highly social and intelligent animals.[2]
A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig and its ancestor, the common Eurasian wild boar(Sus scrofa), along with other species; related creatures outside the genus include the wild boar, peccary, the babirusa, and the warthog. Pigs, like all suids, are native to theEurasian and African continents. Juvenile pigs are known as piglets.[1] Pigs are omnivores and are highly social and intelligent animals.[2]
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