考拉 （ 灰Phascolarctos，或不准确， 无尾熊 [A] ）是一种树栖 食草 的有袋动物 ，原产于澳大利亚 。 它是唯一现存的家庭代表Phascolarctidae ，及其最亲密的生活的亲属是袋熊 。 [3]考拉在大陆的东部和南部地区的沿海地区发现，居住在昆士兰州 ， 新南威尔士州 ， 维多利亚州和南澳 。 这是由它的粗壮，无尾的机身易于识别; 圆，耳蓬松; 和大，匙形的鼻子。 考拉有60-85厘米（24-33），体长，体重4-15公斤（9-33磅）。 皮毛颜色从银色灰色到巧克力棕色。 从北部的考拉种群通常更小，更轻的颜色比他们的同行进一步南部。 这些人群可能是独立亚种 ，但是这是有争议的。
考拉栖息通常开桉树林地，而这些树木的叶子上大多数是他们的饮食。 由于这种桉树的饮食限制了营养和卡路里含量，考拉在很大程度上是久坐和睡眠最多一天20小时。 他们是合群的动物，并结合仅存母亲和后代依赖之间。 成年男性沟通大声波纹管是恐吓对手和吸引配偶。 男性纪念他们的存在与分泌物臭腺位于胸前。 作为有袋动物，考拉到爬进母亲的年轻不发达生出袋 ，他们停留的第一个六七个月他们的生活在哪里。 这些年轻的考拉，被称为joeys ，完全断奶围绕一岁。 考拉很少有天敌和寄生虫，而是通过各种的威胁病原体 ，如衣原体细菌和考拉逆转录病毒 ，以及由森林大火和干旱。
考拉被猎杀澳大利亚土著和描绘神话和洞穴艺术几千年。 欧洲和考拉之间的第一次邂逅记录在1798年，和动物的图像是由自然出版于1810年乔治·佩里 。 植物学家罗伯特·布朗写了第一个详细的科学描述的考拉在1814年，虽然他的工作仍然未公布180年。 流行歌手约翰·古尔德说明和描述的考拉，引进的品种向广大英国公众。 关于动物的生物学进一步的细节由几个英文科学家们透露，在19世纪。 由于其独特的外观，考拉是世界公认的澳洲象征 。 考拉被列为最不关注由国际自然保护联盟的保护 。 澳大利亚政府列出了昆士兰州和新南威尔士州的人口为弱势 。 动物被猎杀严重，在20世纪初为它的皮毛，和大规模cullings在昆士兰导致舆论哗然发起一个运动，以保护物种。 栖息地建立和易位努力转移到新的地区的考拉栖息地有变得支离破碎或减少。 他们的存在的最大威胁是栖息地的破坏所造成的农业和城市化进程 。
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, or, inaccurately, koala bear[a]) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative of the familyPhascolarctidae, and its closest living relatives are the wombats.[3] The koala is found in coastal areas of the mainland's eastern and southern regions, inhabitingQueensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. It is easily recognisable by its stout, tailless body; round, fluffy ears; and large, spoon-shaped nose. The koala has a body length of 60–85 cm (24–33 in) and weighs 4–15 kg (9–33 lb). Pelage colour ranges from silver grey to chocolate brown. Koalas from the northern populations are typically smaller and lighter in colour than their counterparts further south. These populations possibly are separate subspecies, but this is disputed.
Koalas typically inhabit open eucalypt woodlands, and the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. Because this eucalypt diet has limited nutritional and caloric content, koalas are largely sedentary and sleep up to 20 hours a day. They are asocial animals, and bonding exists only between mothers and dependent offspring. Adult males communicate with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates. Males mark their presence with secretions from scent glands located on their chests. Being marsupials, koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that crawl into their mothers' pouches, where they stay for the first six to seven months of their lives. These young koalas, known as joeys, are fully weaned around a year old. Koalas have few natural predators and parasites, but are threatened by various pathogens, such asChlamydiaceae bacteria and the koala retrovirus, as well as by bushfires and droughts.
Koalas were hunted by indigenous Australians and depicted in myths and cave art for millennia. The first recorded encounter between a European and a koala was in 1798, and an image of the animal was published in 1810 by naturalist George Perry. Botanist Robert Brown wrote the first detailed scientific description of the koala in 1814, although his work remained unpublished for 180 years. Popular artist John Gould illustrated and described the koala, introducing the species to the general British public. Further details about the animal's biology were revealed in the 19th century by several English scientists. Because of its distinctive appearance, the koala is recognised worldwide as a symbol of Australia. Koalas are listed as of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The Australian government lists populations in Queensland and New South Wales as Vulnerable. The animal was hunted heavily in the early 20th century for its fur, and large-scale cullings in Queensland resulted in a public outcry that initiated a movement to protect the species. Sanctuaries were established, and translocation efforts moved to new regions koalas whose habitat had become fragmented or reduced. The biggest threat to their existence is habitat destruction caused by agriculture and urbanisation.
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